This town embraces within its present limits all of township No. 4, and the southeastern portion of township 5 in the 6th range of the Holland Company’s survey.  Its northern boundary is formed by the towns of Ashford and East Otto; its eastern by Machias and Franklinville.  Its south border lies against the town of Great Valley, and it is joined on the west by East Otto and Mansfield.  Its southwestern corner is very nearly the territorial centre of the county. 
     The topographical features of Ellicottville are similar to those of the adjoining and neighboring towns. It contains no mountain range, but its surface is everywhere broken by hills and ridges, rising to heights varying from 100 to 500 feet above the valleys which separate them.  The broadest and most fertile of these lowlands lie along the Great Valley Creek, which enters the town across its eastern boundary from Franklinville, flows thence in a general southwesterly course to the village of Ellicottville, where it turns rather abruptly towards the southeast and passes into the town of Great Valley.  This stream and its various tributaries are the only waters within the town, except some inconsiderable rivulets, which take their rise in the northwest, and flow in that direction until they find an outlet through Cattaraugus Creek into Lake Erie. 

EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
     The pioneer settler within the town of Ellicottville was Grove Hurlbut, a native of Connecticut, who moved thence to Whitestown, Oneida Co., when about twenty-five years of age, and there married Hannah Niles. 
     In the year 1814 the family, consisting of his wife and seven children, started from there with the intention of locating in what was known as the Western Reserve.  On his way he was persuaded to leave his family in Steuben County, and go out first and look at the land.  He hired a farm in Arkport, and after he sowed his crops, in the spring of 1815, he went alone to the Reserve, but returned in about six weeks, not liking the lands in that region.  The route on his return was through this town, where Rickertson Burlingame was at the time surveying.  Upon inquiry as the lands he was informed that he would have to go to the land-office at Batavia for information.  In a few weeks he went there and saw Mr. Ellicott, who told him the lands were not yet for sale, but that he would give him six lots to choose from if he would come in that fall and build a house that travelers could stop at, and that when the lots were for sale he might have them as cheap as any. 
He came in with his oldest son and chose lots 56 and 57, one of 150 and the other 166 acres, which John McMahan now owns.  They chopped a clearing of about seven acres, and built a log house, the first dwelling erected in the town of Ellicottville.  In the work of felling and rolling logs for this building he was occasionally assisted by travelers and land-hunters passing this way through the valley.  The roof of his house was covered with shingles of four feet in length, roughly split from the log.  Boards for the floor were obtained from James Green, who had been running a saw mill at the mouth of Great Valley Creek for a number of years. 
     Having made his little clearing and completed his scasson’s work, in the month of November, Mr Hurlbut left his house in the charge and occupancy of Orrin Pitcher, while he returned to Steuben County to make preparations for the removal of his family thence to their future home in the wilds of Cattaraugus.  Kettles for sugar-making, and all the various articles necessary to a complete pioneer’s outfit having been procured, he set out on the 1st of January to transport these and his household goods to their destination upon his new purchase.  On this trip he was not accompanied by his family, but he brought with him a man by the name of John Maloney, whom he had employed as a chopper, to assist in the heavy labor of clearing the heavily-timbered lands, and who boarded in the family of Mr. Pitcher, while Mr. Hurlbut again returned to his old home in Steuben. 
     On the 14th of the following month, Reuben Hurlbut arrived, having in charge a son and daughter of his brother Grove.  These children were John and Sally Hurlbut, the latter being then only thirteen years of age.  She however, became for the first time the female head of the 
Hurlbut family in Ellicottville, consisting of these three persons, who at once became domiciled in a part of the log house, with the family of Mr. Pitcher, who, however, remained but a short time, until his own cabin was ready for occupancy. 
     About the 15th of March, Mr. Hurlbut returned with the remainder of his family, and completed his establishment.  He lived on the farm he first cleared, the remainder of his days, and died Sept. 28, 1852, aged eighty-six years. 
His son John married Betsy Niles, settled on lot 57, and in 1836 bought a farm on Bryant Hill, where Frank Fitch now lives, and in 1865 removed to Minnesota.  Miranda grew up to womanhood, married, and is now living in Michigan.  Sally married William Johnston, and settled on lot 58; they had several children.  John C. is a physician in Michigan, and two sons are living in the town.  Mrs. Johnston now resides in the village of Ellicottville.  Hannah is the wife of the Hon. Chauncey J. Fox, of Ellicottville. 
     Daniel Waldo located 75 acres on lot 27, where Stephen McCoy now lives, and had ground cleared, but never settled upon it. 
     Orrin Pitcher lived in Broome County, and came into this country with a man by the name of Waters.  He chopped two acres of land for the Holland Land Company on the north side of the road, including lots 45, 46, and 47, on which the Whitney House now stands, in the village of Ellicottville.  The Chautauqua road had been cleared of underbrush the year before, and they lived (while at work here) in a hut on the spot now occupied by the Catholic church.  In 1813, Pitcher and Waters distinctly heard the artillery firing at the burning of Buffalo.  In 1814, Mr. Pitcher moved his family from Broome County to Franklinville, where he rented a log house of a man by the name of Gibbs near Mr. McCure.  From there he shortly moved to what is now Peth, took up a lot, built a log house, roofing it with bark (as the mill of Mr. Green was not yet completed), and for floors the smooth side of hemlock bark was laid uppermost, the edges pinned down with wooden hooks.  Mr Hurlbut, of Ellicottville, came to that place to get assistance in raising his log house.  Mr. Pitcher, Mr. Green, and Mr. Norton came up with him and assisted him.  Mr. Hurlbut, wishing to return to his home in Steuben County, had made an arrangement with Mr. Pitcher to draw the lumber, and put the floors in his house, and move in until he came out with his family in the early spring.  Accordingly, on Christmas-day, 1815, Mr. Pitcher moved in when David (who is still living) was six years old, and lived there until a part of Mr hurlbut’s family came out, and his own cabin was completed.  He soon after took up two 40-acres lots, which Daniel Huntley afterwards purchased.  He located several lots in the new settlement, and is said to have sold them advantageously.  In 1843, he removed to Minnesota with his family, except David, who settled on part of lot 7 on the Machias road, where he still lives.  One of his sons is a lawyer at Mankato, Minn., and has represented his county in the Legislature of that State. 
     Eunice Carpenter taught the first school in this town, in the summer of 1817.  She was a native of Massachusetts, and came to Cattaraugus County with and under the protection of her brother Isaac, who had settled at Ischua, but was at that time employed at his trade at Ellicottville. 
     The pupils of Miss Carpenter were the children of Orrin Pitcher and Grove Hurlbut, and the school-room was the front part of Orrin Pitcher’s house.  Three of the pupils are now living, and well recollect those early school-days.  They are Mrs. Hannah Fox, Mrs Mary Matterson, and David Pitcher.  Miss Carpenter married Levi Peet, of Farmersville, and died many years ago.  Here descendants are living in that town. 
     In the year 1817, Daniel Huntley, Baker Leonard, Rickertson Burlingame, Benjamin Perkins, and John W. Cary came into the town and built houses. 
     Daniel Huntley moved from Cincinnatus, Cortland County, to Franklinville in the spring of 1817, with the intention of going to Ohio.  After reaching Olean, he was persuaded by Levi Gregory to purchase a property in that town that he had bought of three brothers, who had become discouraged by the severe frost of 1816.  These lots were of 100 acres each, with quite extensive improvements.  After his purchase he returned to Cincinnatus, and removed to his new home, with his wife and four children and their goods loaded on two or three wagons.  Upon the establishment of the 
county-seat at Ellicottville, he purchased at that place two 40-acres lots of Orrin Pitcher, and one lot of 150 acres of Grove Hurlbut in 1819.  He rented his farm at Franklinville and moved here in March, 1821, and built the Whitney House and kept it many years.  Daniel Huntley died July 5, 1846, aged sixty-two years.  His children were William, Thomas S., Daniel I., and Amy.  William married Miranda Maybe, and settled where John Welch now lives;  there he lived and died.  Thomas S. married Eliza Fox, and settled where W.S. Johnson now lives, and in 1846 sold the farm and removed to Illinois.  Charles, his son, has been engaged with his cousin, Silas S. Huntley. In mail contracts.  Daniel I. Huntley married Eliza Hawkins.  Silas S., his son, was in the army as a private soldier, and was promoted and made aid to Gen. Berry at Chancellorsville, and since the war has been engaged in mail contracts in the West.  He resides at Washington, D.C. 
     In the year 1817 the Holland Land Company sent out Baker Leonard, from Batavia, to this place to build a tavern, which he erected on the spot where J. King Skinner now resides.  The new building cost so much when it was completed that the company refused to accept it; upon which Mr. Leonard opened it as a public-house, and connected with it a store (the first opened in the village), in which he employed Henry Saxton as clerk. 
     Mr. Leonard died on the 17th day of April, 1821, and persons still living in Ellicottville recollect that on the day of his funeral the ground was so deeply covered with snow that it became necessary to employ ox-teams to break a road from his house to the burial-ground. 
     Rickertson Burlingame came into this region from Oxford, Chenango Co., as a surveyor in the employ of the Holland Land Company.  Traversed the hills and valleys of Cattaraugus and through the deep-tangled forests by the blaze upon trees made in the original township surveys.  He assisted in the sub-division of the town into lots, surveyed and mapped the village plat of Ellicottville, and made the map which was adopted by authority upon the incorporation of the village in 1837.  After he had finished the greater portion of his survey he located lot No. 62, an irregular tract of land lying on Great Valley Creek and beyond the regular tier of lots, containing about 300 acres.  His first dwelling was a log structure, erected near the banks of the creek.  Upon this farm he passed the remainder of his life, and was bruied within the ground which he had cleared and cultivated.  These premises are now owned by Harvey Litchfield. 
     Mr. Burlingame was one of six men who took contracts of the Holland Company in the limits of this town, in 1813. 
     Benjamin Perkins and John W. Cary were brothers-in-law and came here, in 1817, from Vermont.  They selected lot 58, and built a cabin thereon.  Perkin’s occupation was that of tailor, but to this sometimes he added that of a shoemaker, and upon occasions was professor of dentistry.  They went away in 1821. 
     In the month of August, 1818, Chauncey J. Fox, then a young man of twenty-one years of age, in company with a younger brother, Pliny L., left Tolland, Conn., their native place, and came to Olean, in this county, for the purpose of establishing themselves in business.  Finding no employment, they purchased a skiff, procured a supply of bread and cheese, and started on a voyage down the river with a vague intention of going to Cincinnati, but with no distinct idea of the difficulties they would have to encounter.  They passed a day and a night and part of the next day on the river without seeing any one.  Towards night of the second day they saw a man crossing the river.  They landed and followed him to his house.  He advised them to abandon their voyage and offered them employment, which they accepted.  This man, their employer, proved to be Philip Tome, whose early history was so well known in this region.  Soon after the commencement of their labors in Mr. Tome’s employ, Pliny was attacked by typhoid fever and confined for about eight weeks.  Their means were exhausted, and they even sold their clothes to discharge the liabilities attendant upon this severe sickness. 
     The village of Ellicottville was the nearest point at which a physician could be found, and Chauncey traveled to that place and secured the attendance of Dr. A. Leavenworth. 
     After Pliny’s recovery from his sickness, he worked clearing land and farming, near Ellicottville, for three or four years, then taught school at Yorkshire, and, in 1827, was the first justice of the peace elected in Ellicottville under the constitutional amendment which made the office elective. 
     In 1828 he commenced the study of law in the office with his brother at Ellicottville, and 
was soon admitted to the bar in due course, after which he practiced in the courts of Cattaraugus for several years.  About 1842 he moved to Illinois.  He served in the Union army during the war of the Rebellion, rose to the rank of major, and upon the expiration of his term of service returned to Illinois, where he now resides.  A more extended biographical sketch of Chauncey J. Fox is given on another page of this work. 
     Dr. Alson Leavenworth came to Ellicottville in September 1818.  He located on lot No. 57, and built a log house, where he resided three or four years; when he built the hotel now known as the Crawford House.  As settlers located rapidly along the valley and on the hillsides, the demands on the doctor’s time and skill increased, until his ride extended from Kinzue and Corydon, in Pennsylvania on the south, to Collins, in Erie County, on the north.  He removed to Little Valley in 1831, and afterwards to New Albion.  A more extended notice of him will be found in the history of that town. 
     In the year 1820, Clark Robertson, of Cazenovia, Madison County passed through Ellicottville to visit his uncle in Little Valley.  Returning to this village after his visit he was employed on the jail and court-house buildings then in process of construction.  Soon after, by the advice of the land agent, Mr. Goodwin, he purchased the lot where “Irvine Hall” was afterward built, paying for it the sum of $50.  He taught school in Great Valley in 1823, receiving in part payment shingles and other lumber, which he used in the erection of a dwelling upon his land.  In 1824 he taught at Lodi, and in the following year married Miss Ursula Maltby, and commenced housekeeping.  Miss Maltby had come to Ellicottville from Paris, Oneida Co., and taught school in the upper room of Baker Leonard’s house in the summer of 1819.  The school was removed to the upper part of the court-house, upon the completion of that building.  In 1821 she taught school in Connewango, and then returned to her home in Paris.  Mr. Robertson is still living, at seventy-nine years of age, in the village of Ellicottville, and has four children living.  Albert C. resides at Jamestown.  Two daughters live in Chautauqua County and one in Onondaga County. 
     John W. Staunton, in the year 1817, left his home in Hampshire Co., Mass., on horse back for the western country, and passed through the village of Ellicottville both in going in returning.  At that time there were only three houses where the village now is, and there being no roads, marked trees were the traveler’s principal guide  There was no office open yet for the sale of lands in this portion of the Holland Purchase, and a few months later he settled in Nunda, Livingston Co.  There he remained until March, 1820, when with his wife and three children and all his household goods in a covered wagon, drawn by two pair of oxen, he removed to this town, and rented a small log house of Dr. Leavenworth for six months at the rate of $50 per year.  He soon after bought the “chance” of Orrin Pitcher, in lot 56, containing 153 acres, and built the house which is now a part of the residence of Mr. Welsh, nearly opposite the house of Mrs. Dr. Staunton. 
     He was a man of excellent education, strict integrity, and won the respect and confidence of the people of the county.  In the year 1825 he was elected county clerk, having previously served three years in that office as deputy.  He held the office of clerk for four consecutive terms, and lacked but 11 votes of being elected the fifth term, in 1837.  He lived in the town until his death, which occurred on the 13th of December, 1858, at the age of seventy-seven years. 
     His sons, Dr. Jonathan B. and Elisha, both lived and died here.  Dr. Joseph M. grew to manhood in the village, and removed to West Virginia in 1860.  The fourth son, J. Galusha, is now living in Ellicottville.  The fifth and youngest son resides in Kansas. 
     Consider Ewell emigrated from Massachusetts to Ellicottville, settling on lot No. 60, and his daughter Julia taught school at the house of Nathaniel Bryant in the summer of 1820, she being at that time but thirteen years of age. 
     William Vinton, a native of Massachusetts, came to LeRoy, and soon after to this town, in the year 1820.  He bought village lot No. 44, where Brooks’ store now stands, and erected a 
tavern long known as the Vinton Stand.  The next year his brother Lothrop came out to this place and went into partnership with William.  He remained here until his death, and was for many years supervisor of the town.  William afterwards removed to Hinsdale. 
     Roger Coit settled, in 1821, on village lot No. 23, where Clarke Robertson now lives.  He bought also town lot No. 91.  His barn was near where Daniel I. Huntley’s house now stands. 
His son Lewis lives on lot No. 55, that his father bought a few years afterwards. 
     David Goodwin was an early surveyor, a clerk in the office of the Holland Land co., and married a niece of Joseph Ellicott.  When the branch office was established at Ellicottville, in June, 1818, Mr. Goodwin was appointed to take charge of it, and continued to be the local agent at Ellicottville until 1822, when he was succeeded by Staley N. Clarke.  Upon his retirement from the agency he returned to Batavia. 
     One of the early settlers of 1818 was James Reynolds, who had been a merchant at Hamburg, Erie Co., during the war of 1812; but who, upon the advance of the British marauders on Buffalo in 1813, had abandoned his business in alarm, temporarily concealing his merchandise in the woods.  A part of these goods he afterwards retailed in a small way at Ellicottville, and was also engaged in the manufacture of bricks.  He located village lot No. 53, corner of Madison and Washington Streets, on which he built a house, Chauncey J. Fox assisting in digging the cellar.  He died in 1851, leaving two daughters; Albina C., who married Aloazo C. Gregory, and Helen, who married Silas Huntley. 
     Seth L. Burdick came to the village of Ellicottville in 1818, from Paris, Oneida Co.  He purchased lots 17 and 18, where the residence of Mr. E. Harman now stands, and moved his family to this place in 1819. 
     Harvey B. Hayes emigrated from the East, and settled on village lot No. 50, being on of the six who took contracts in 1813.  He was elected constable in 1820.  The death of his infant child, which occurred soon after his arrival, was the first death in the village of Ellicottville. 
     Henry Saxton, formerly from Vergennes, Vt., emigrated to Batavia in the year 1820, with three brothers.  They separated then, and Henry came to this town in the employ of Baker Leonard, as clerk in the store.  As early as 1821, he commenced business on his own account.  He was a merchant many years, and largely interested in lumbering on the Allegany River.  During this time he was elected sheriff of the county, in 1828.  While at Louisville, Ky., on business, he was attacked with the cholera, which terminated fatally.  He married Mrs. Baker Leonard, who lived many years after, and died in 1873, leaving three sons and on daughter: Fredk. A., who is a printer at Jamestown; Albert H., who was State Senator in California in 1863, and is now connected with the Custom-House in San Francisco; Ebenezer, who is living at Ellicottville, and Mrs. J. King Skinner, who resides on the old Leonard homestead. 
     William Johnston was a carpenter by trade, emigrated from Montgomery County in the spring of 1820, and was employed on the county buildings.  In 1821 he purchased the house and lot where Mr. Perkins had settled.  The next season he married Miss Sally Hurlbut, and they commenced housekeeping there.  In a year or two they moved to the village of Ellicottville. Where he opened a cabinet shop, which he continued many years.  He died in 1853, leaving a widow, who is still living in the village of Ellicottville, and four children.  Two sons, Byron and William, reside in the village.  From Mrs. Johnston much information was obtained of the early history of this town, as she with David Pitcher are the only two living who came in the winter of 1815-16. 
     David Gregory came to this village in the year 1821, and rented the tavern formerly kept by Baker Leonard.  He bought village lot Nos. 79 and 80, on which he erected a tavern, and occupied it the next year.  It was for many years known as the Gregory Tavern, and was situated on Jefferson Street, in the rear of the union school building.  He was the father of three children.-Alonzo C., who had the charge of the tavern, and was sheriff of the county for several terms after the Dutch Hill war.  One of the daughters married a Mr. Crouch, who became owner of the Fremont House, in the city of Chicago.  The other daughter married a Mr. Harland, who was clerk in the land-office of W.S. Johnson. 

     In the year 1820, when the county buildings were approaching completion, John A. Bryan, who until that time had been practicing law in Olean, removed to this village and purchased village lots Nos. 15 and 16, on which he erected a law-office and the dwelling now occupied by R. H. Shankland Esq.  Mr. Bryan’s wife was Eliza Dixon, a sister of Mrs. Baker Leonard.  During the period of his residence in Cattaraugus County he was one of its foremost lawyers.  In August, 1828, he removed West, and settled in Columbus, Ohio, second assistant postmaster-general of the United States, and minister to Peru. 
     Asa Hazen, a native of Vermont, and by profession a lawyer, removed to Olean, and was in partnership with Judge Timothy H. Porter.  After the courts were established in Ellicottville he removed to that village and opened a law-office in Mr. Huntley’s tavern, and followed his profession until his death, which occurred May 13, 1866, at the age of seventy-five years. 
     Staley N. Clarke came to Batavia in 1819, and entered the office of the Holland Land Company as a clerk, acting in that capacity until 1822, when he succeeded David Goodwin in the charge of the company’s branch office in Ellicottville as agent.  Mr. Clarke soon won the respect and esteem of the settlers by his unvarying kindness and sympathizing aid.  In the year 1824 he was elected county treasurer, and held the position for seventeen consecutive years.  He was elected to represent the 31st district in the 27th Congress of the United States, but at the end of his term declined re-election and returned “to the private walks of life, gladly escaping from the tumoils and strifes of a political career.” 
     For several years in the latter part of his life his health was poor, and death was not unexpected, and in 1861, in the fall of the year, he passed away, 

“Calm as the ray of sun of star, 
Which storms assail in vain. 
Moving unruffled through earth’s war, 
The eternal calm to gain.” 

     He was unostentatious in his manners, great in his goodness, in his diligence, in good words and works, and in his love of virtue.  He was the father of eleven children, of whom only one remains a resident of Cattaraugus County, -Capt. William Clark, of Franklinville. 
     Moses Beecher was a native of Connecticut, born May 5, 1791.  About the year 1814 he removed with his family to Batavia, where he was engaged, as an accountant in the office of the Holland Land Company, then under the charge of David E. Evans, and in 1827 he was transferred to the branch office of the company in Ellicottville, and settled where Eleazer Harmon now resides.  In this responsible position he spent about twenty years of his life.  Subsequently he engaged in manufacturing, which he carried on until a short time previous to his death.  He was an intimate friend of Judge Chamberlain, Hon. Staley N. Clarke, Dr. Leavenworth, and other leading settlers of the county, with whom he ranked as a useful and influential citizen.  He was a man of rare culture, moral worth, and sterling integrity.  In 1830 he received the appointment of surrogate of the county, which he held for eight years, and was repeatedly appointed loan commissioner.  In 1868, while on business in Dunkirk, he was attacked by an illness which terminated in his death.  February 14, at the age of seventy-seven years.  His children were seven in number: Sophia, who married Truman Coleman, now of Dunkirk; Harriet, the widow of Delos E. Sill, resides in Ellicottville; Emily, married Harlan Coleman; Juliet, married P.V. Skinner and now lives in homestead of Staley N. Clarke. 
     William resides in the State of Illinois, and clerk of the court of Lasalle.  Moses is cashier of the Warren Bank, in Pennsylvania.  Charles M. is connected with the Elmira Advertiser, of the city of Elmira. 
      Asher Tyler received the appointment of agent of the Devereux lands in May, 1836, and became a resident of the village of Ellicottville, where re remained until a year or two after the division of that estate.  During this period he was elected to Congress, where he commanded the respect of his associates and constituents.  After his retirement from the agency in Ellicottville he soon removed to Elmira, and became land agent for the Erie Railroad.  Mr. Tyler, from his early intercourse with the surviving Indians of the Revolutionary time, was thoroughly and widely informed in reference to early Indian history.  “He knew the Indian when as yet the white man’s mastery over the lands west of Schenectady was only in process of recognition, had their distinct effect.”  He lived in Elmira until 1875, when he passed away at the age of seventy-seven years, and thus another link that binds the old and the new was broken. 
     John C. Devereux. Jr., is the son of Nicholas Devereux, the leading proprietor of the Devereux Purchase.  Upon the division of their lands in 1843, he came to Ellicottville to take charge of his fathers interests.  He remained a citizen of this place until November, 1866, when he removed with his family to Utica, where he now resides, spending a portion of his time at this place, where he still has large landed interests.  Mr. Devereux is a member of the State Board of Charities from the Fifth Judicial District. 
     Robert H. Shankland settled in the village early in 1835.  In the spring of that year, soon 
after his arrival, he purchased the Ellicottville Republican, which (with change of name to that of Cattaraugus Republican) continued under his management for twenty years.  Soon after his sale of this journal. In 1855, he commenced the publication of the American Union, of which, under the name of the Cattaraugus Union, his is still the editor. 
Mr. SHANKLAND is a native of Cooperstown, Otsego County, and a practical printer. He passed an apprenticeship in the office of the Freeman’s Journal at Cooperstown, under the proprietorship of Col. John H.  PRENTICE and Col. Wm. H. STONE. Afterwards he was employed in the offices of HARPER & BROTHERS and of the Courier and Enquirer in New York. During these and other engagements in the city, he became intimate with many whose names afterwards became famous; among whom were the four brothers HARPER,-- James, John, Wesley, and Fletcher, –Maj. M. M. NOAH, James Gordon BENNETT, James Watson WEBB, and Horace GREELEY. With the last named, he was most intimate. They stood together as journeymen at the case; and when in the last year of his life, the great editor had received the nomination for the first office in the people’s gift, he wrote in this wise to his old friend at Ellicottville: 

 “N.Y. Tribune, N.Y., July 23, 1872. 
 “My old Friend,– I thank you for yours of the 20th instant at hand. 
 “If you and I ever come together again, let us stick a few lines of type, side by side, in memory of Auld Lang Syne. 
 “I hope my letter of acceptance, which appears tomorrow, will please you. 
           “Yours, 
           “Horace Greeley. 
“Robt. H. Shankland. Esq., 
 “Ed. Union, Ellicottville.” 

 Nathan BRYANT emigrated from Hampshire Co., Mass., to this place and worked for Mr. Leonard, and in the spring of 1817, took up lots on what was afterwards known as Bryant Hill, now owned by Eldridge DROWN. In 1820, he removed to the town line between Ellicottville and Franklinville, and died in November, 1832. Mr. BRYANT was active in the formation of the Baptist Church in 1824. 
 Freeman BRYANT settled near his brother about the same time. His wife was a sister of John W. STAUNTON. She died in California in June, 1878, aged eighty-one years. In January, 1818, Nathaniel BRYANT, Sr., with his wife and the remaining children, arrived at the residence of Nathaniel, his son, after a tedious journey of thirty-one days, having with them two yoke of oxen, one horse and wagon, and two cows. While on the road and near Cayuga, they stopped at a house, intending to remain all night. The men were absent from home. After having been there some time, it was discovered the house was on fire. Mr. BRYANT clambered on the roof; no water was at hand, and he called for anything wet, and buttermilk was passed up to him, and the fire was extinguished after severe exertion. The house was in such disorder that Mr. BRYANT concluded to go on farther, and they went on several miles and stayed all night. He settled between the farms of his sons, where Patrick LYND now owns. 
 Between the years 1819 and 1821, Justin RUST, Samuel BRYANT, Ebenezer VINING, John FITCH, and Peter DROWN settled on Bryant Hill. Mr. VINING settled where Wm. DOOLEY now owns. He was the first settled minister in town and pastor of the Baptist Church. He died at Rochester in 1843, at the advanced age of eighty-nine years. Samuel BRYANT located where his son Hiram now resides. 
 Peter DROWN emigrated from New Haven. His son, Alphonso R., now lives on the old homestead. 
 Orrin and Archelaus BROWN, from Massachusetts, located land and took a contract in 1813, and in 1816 or 1817, settled on lot 27. 
 It is related of Mrs. Orrin BROWN that in about 1820 or 1821, she went on horseback to visit Marsena BROOKS, who was a nephew and living in Ashford. The route she traveled was the old Shultis road. On her return, after a visit of a day or two, she started in the afternoon, having sufficient time to reach home before dark. On getting part way down, she came to a point where two roads diverged; she took one of them and traveled some time, finally coming back to the same place she started from. Night was then fast approaching, and rather than wander aimlessly in the woods, she tied her horse to a tree and lay down to pass the night. As soon as the first ray of light appeared in the east, she mounted the old mare, gave he the reins, and she soon brought her safely home. The road she had followed was a log road leading out into the woods. 
 In 1830, Orrin BROWN sold to Ensign LITCHFIELD 78 acres of lot No. 62. He emigrated from Massachusetts with his wife and eight children. His son Beals lives on the homestead. Levi lives in the village of Ellicottville. Polly married Miller VAUGHAN, who settled in Somerville Valley about that time, where their son, Frederick VAUGHAN, resides. 
 Gideon NILES emigrated from Oneida County in the spring of 1824, and settled on the Machias road, about four miles east of Ellicottville. He was a brother of Mrs. Grove HURLBUT. His widow is still living, and with her daughter Mrs. GILLIES. 
 Felix CALKINS came from Oswego with his wife and four children, and settled on lot No. 16, purchasing 60 acres in 1827, now occupied by Morris KILLIAN. 
 Albert and Jacob F. VEDDER were brothers. They emigrated from Montgomery County, and settled in the northwest part of the town in 1828, on and near what is now known as VEDDER’S Corners. Jacob built the first sawmill in that part of the town. Hon. C.P. VEDDER, who has represented the county in the Legislature several terms, and is now senator from this district, is a son of Jacob F. VEDDER. Another son, John A., is now living on the homestead of his father. 
 William BOYCE came to this town from Boston, Mass., and settled on lot No. 10, on Beaver Meadow Creek, where William Hawkins now resides. He bought the farm in 1830 of Allen GREEN, who had occupied it a year to two. Mr. GREEN then purchased the farm adjoining where Asa ROWLAND now lives. 
 In 1832, Jas. LEACH from Chenango County, purchased a farm adjoining Mr. BOYCE, on lot No. 18, where his sons are living. John DILTZ settled on the same creek, on lot 19 in the spring of 1834. Byron A. JOHNSTON, of Ellicottville, married his daughter. The following settlers came in 1828 to 1835: 
 A Mr. JACKMAN from Middlebury, Genesee County, settled near Plato, where Mrs. R. OYER now resides in the neighborhood now known as JACKMAN’s Hill. John VOSBURG, a blacksmith by trade, came from the eastern part of the State, and located lot No. 45, where E.Y. ARNOLD now resides. 
 William CLARK settled about the same time, and still resides there. 
 The first land contracts issued by the HOLLAND Land Company within the limits of the town were in 1813, and to Rickertson BURLINGAME, Harvey B. HAYES, Archelaus and Orrin BROWN, Amos INGALLS, and Grove HURLBUT. Later, from 1816 to 1818, to Baker LEONARD, Stephen WEBB, Jr., Alson LEAVENWORTH, James REYNOLDS, Moses CHAMBERLAIN, Abel P. WIGHTMAN, David GOODWIN, Lothrop VINTON, and John A. BRYAN. 
 The names and location of the following settlers are ascertained from the assessment roll of Ellicottville for 1822. The numbers marked with a star denote lots in the village: 
 

Elihu Alvord, lot 48 Alson Leavenworth, lots 95, 96*, 40*, 41*, 18*, 42 
James Adkins,* lots 1, 27, 48, 26 Leavenworth & Saxton, lot 64 
Nathaniel Bryant, lot 5 David C. McClure, lots 77*, 78* 
Nathaniel Bryant, Jr., lot 5 David Oyer, lot 66 
Truman Bryant, lot 5 Orrin Pitcher, lots 60, 61, 62 
Geo. N. Bennett, lot 37 Spencer Pitcher, lot 31 
Rickertson Burlingame, lots 62, 21 Jonathan Spencer, lot 14 
David Blair, lot 31 Justus Rust, lot 13 
Artemas Blair,* lots 1, 67, 68 Quartus Rust, lot 13 
John A. Bryan, * lots 15, 16 David C. Rust, lot 21 
Archelaus Brown, lot 27 Samuel Ricker, lot 13 
James D. Brown, lot 13 Clark Robertson, lot 65* 
Roger Coit, lots 91, 23* 24, 25, 49, 55, 13 James Reynolds, lots 28*, 53*, 63* 
Benjamin Chamberlain, lots 90, 88*, 20 Henry Saxton, lots 51*, 55*, 56*, 57*, 73*, 74*, 75*, 76*, 42, 37 

Samuel Davis, lots 32, 63*, 45 John W. Staunton, lots 56, 11 
Consider Ewell, lot 60 Israel Searl, lot 37 
Edmund Dudley*, lots 87, 48 Isaac Thomas, lot 62 
David Goodwin, lots 65*, 89, 11, 12, 13, 14, 37,  Wm. Vinton, lots 32, 64* 
     35, 34, 33, 13, 32, 10 Lothrop Vinton, lots 32, 44*, 21* 
David Gregory, lots 79*, 80, 81, 82 Henry Woodworth, lot 66* 
John Hurlbut, lots 59, 58 Stephen Webb, lot 94 
Grove Hurlbut, lot 58 William J. Wood, lot 94 
Daniel Huntley, lots 57, 92, 93 Jarlie Wilder, lot 22* 
Thomas Harnes, lot 32 Chauncey J. Fox, lot 18 
Amos Ingalls, lots 32, 26* 49 Isaac Wightman, lot 5* 
Wm. Johnson, lots 45*, 46* Seth L. Burdick, lots 17*, 18* 
 Henry Hatchel, lot 35 

All the above lots are in township 4, range 6, excepting the last named, which is in township 3 (?), range 6. 
 The jury list of the town for 1823 shows the names of those liable to jury duty who were residents within the present limits of the town of Ellicottville, namely: 

Elihu Alvord, joiner Thomas Wams, farmer 
Nathaniel Bryant, Jr., farmer John Johnson, farmer 
Samuel Bryant, farmer Orrin Pitcher, farmer 
Archelaus Brown, shoemaker Spencer Pitcher, farmer 
Orrin Brown, farmer Quartus Rust, joiner 
David Blair, farmer David C. Rust, joiner 
Nicholas Bardine, farmer Clark Robertson, joiner 
Seth L. Burdick, joiner John W. Staunton, farmer 
David Clark, farmer Avery Smith, farmer 
Roger Coit, farmer Chester A. Vibbard, farmer 
Samuel Davis, merchant Lothrop Vinton, farmer 
Consider Ewell, farmer Wm. Vinton, shoemaker 
David Gregory, farmer Lorenzo W. Prentiss, merchant 
Grove Hurlbut, farmer David C. McClure, goldsmith 
Daniel Huntley, farmer 

INITIAL EVENTS 

 Rude huts and shanties had been hastily constructed for the use of surveying parties in this region several years before Grove HURLBUT and his oldest son made the first clearing in the town, and built the first log house in the fall of 1815 on lot 57. Orrin PITCHER built the first log house in the village of Ellicottville on lot 47 (village), where the tin shop now stands, in the winter and spring of 1815-16. 
 In the fall of 1816, Grove HURLBUT built the first frame barn, and set out in that season the first apple trees, bringing them from Franklinville. Baker LEONARD built the first frame house and kept the first tavern in 1817, and in 1818, the first store on the spot where J. King SKINNER now lives. The HOLLAND Land Company erected a land office in the winter of 1817. A man by the name of LUCK came out in the fall to keep fires in the building, and was the first blacksmith. David GOODWIN was the first land agent of the HOLLAND Land Company. The office was opened in June, 1818. Eunice CARPENTER was the first school teacher in the summer of 1818, and taught in the front room of Orrin PITCHER’S house. The first schoolhouse was built in 1820 on Bryant Hill. The Rev. John SPENCER was the first minister who preached in this town. The services were held at the house of Orrin PITCHER. 
 The first regularly organized church was the Baptist Church on Bryant Hill, August 21, 1824. The Rev. Ebenezer VINING was the first pastor (settled). The first church edifice was erected in 1836 or 1837, and the old Spanish bell erected in its tower was the first one in town. 
 The first burial place was the one now used in the village of Ellicottville, and the first interment was that of a child of H. B. HAYES. The first man buried within the grounds was Baker LEONARD, who died April 17, 1821. The next burial was that of Mrs. Mindwell HURLBUT, the mother of Grover HURLBUT. This was in 1822. 
 The first birth was in June, 1816, in the family of Orrin PITCHER–a son, Orlando PITCHER, who grew to manhood in Ellicottville, and removed to the West. In the year 1818, the 7th of October, occurred the birth of Miranda, daughter of Grove HURLBUT, and the first female child born in the town of Ellicottville. 
 There was no marrying nor giving in marriage in the new settlement until 1820, when John A. BRYAN became the husband of Eliza DIXON. The ceremony was performed at the house of Baker LEONARD by the Rev. Mr. FRAZER, a clergyman, and the occasion being the first of its kind in Ellicottville, was one of great rejoicing and merriment. Mr. BRYAN settled here as the first lawyer in the village. 
 Dr. James TROWBRIDGE came in town in the winter of 1816-17; remained about six months living in Mr. LEONARD’s house, and moved to Hinsdale where he practiced until 1844, when he moved. Orrin PITCHER, in 1821, built the first sawmill on Great Valley Creek on lot 61, about two miles east of the village. Artemas BLAIR, in 1832 built the first tannery in the village near Cummings’ block. Ozro THOMAS and Deacon GARDNER built the first grist mill in 1832, where the depot of the Rochester and State Line Railroad now stands. Richard HILL, in 1826, started the Western Courier, the first newspaper in town. 
 The mail was first carried by ______ MOORE on horseback to Centreville in 1822, and the first stage route was established by James J. ADKINS in 1826, and Abner STEBBINS was driver, and ran from this place to Centreville in connection with stages to the East. A post office was opened by John A. Bryan in 1822 in his law office, which was small building erected on the lot where is now the residence of R. H. SHANKLAND. The village of Ellicottville was placed in communications with the outside world by telegraph in 1848, and by railroad communication May 15, 1878. 

ORGANIZATION OF TOWN 

 Ellicottville, so named in honor of Joseph ELLICOTT, was taken from Franklinville, April 20, 1820. Ashford was taken off February 16, 1824. A part of East Otto in 1858, reducing it to its present limits. The first town meeting was held on the second Tuesday in March, 1821, at the house of Baker LEONARD; David GOODWIN, chairman. The following officers were elected: James REYNOLDS, Supervisor; John W. STAUNTON, Clerk; John W. FITCH, Daniel THOMAS and Artemas BLAIR, Commissioners of Common Schools; David GOODWIN, John W. STAUNTON, and John A. BRYAN, Inspectors of Schools. 

The following is a list of supervisors, town clerks, and justices of the peace to the present time: 
SUPERVISORS 
1822 John W. Staunton  1850 Alonzo A. Gregory 
1823 David Gregory  1851-52 Stephen McCoy 
1824-25 John W. Staunton  1853-54 Samuel P. Arnold 
1826 Abram Searls  1855 Sylvanus Vedder 
1827 Lothrop Vinton  1856 A. G. Rice 
1828 Henry Lawton  1857 Theodore Smith 
1829-31 Lothrop Vinton  1858-59 A. G. Rice 
1832-34 Abram Searls  1860 Daniel T. Dickinson 
1835 Artemus Blair  1861 A.G. Rice 
1836-38 Lothrop Vinton  1862 Daniel T. Dickinson 
1839 John W. Staunton  1863-65 Samuel W. Johnson 
1840 Thomas S. Huntley  1866 John C. Devereux 
1841-42 Lothrop Vinton  1867 A. G. Rice 
1843 Chauncey J. Fox  1868 Benjamin F. Boyce 
1844 Jonathan B. Staunton  1868-70 Robert H. Shankland 
1845-46 Alonzo A. Gregory  1871-72 Timothy Walsh 
1847 Jonathan B. Staunton  1873 Daniel E. Bartlett 
1848 George W. Moore  1874-75 William Manly 
1849 Jonathan B. Staunton  1876-78 Edwin D. Northrup 

Town Clerks 

1822 David Gregory  1854 Scott J. Anthony 
1823 Charles Boss  1855 George W. Bailett 
1824 David Gregory  1856-57 William W. Hanes 
1825 Samuel Davis  1858 Stephen W. McCoy 
1826 James J. Adkins  1859-61 John F. Parker 
1827-33 Artemas Blair  1862-63 Silas A. Lamb 
1834-36 D. J. Huntley  1864 Timothy Walsh 
1837 Marcus H. Johnson  1865 L. A. Rood 
1838-39 Harlan Coleman  1866 Timothy Walsh 
1840 Joseph Coleman  1867 Stephen A. Harrington 
1841-42 Thomas Kibbe  1868 Timothy Walsh 
1843-44 Alonzo A. Gregory  1869-70 Alonzo L. Razey
1845-46 Albert W. Kimball  1871 William R. Rider 
1847 Archibald McKallon  1872-73 Alonzo L. Razey 
1848-49 Horace Arnold  1874 J. R. Pettit 
1850 A. H. McKallon  1875 Thomas R. Aldrich 
1851-52 Lewis L. Coleman  1876-77 H. L. McCoy 
1853 Edwin F. Vinton  1878 William D. Huntley 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

 Alson LEAVENWORTH, J. W. STAUNTON, D. GREGORY, Quartus RUST, Benjamin P. MASON, Thomas L. HUNTLEY, Israel DAY, James REYNOLDS, Israel DAY, Dorastus JOHNSON, Sylvanus VEDDER, Stephen T. BENTLEY, Israel DAY, George W. GILLETT, William JOHNSON, John VEDDER, John PALMER, A. GIBBS, Jacob MULHOLLAND, F. GILLETT, H. COLEMAN, Israel Day, George W. GILLETT, Daniel G. BINGHAM, Erastus DICKINSON, John MC COY, Constant L. TREVITT, John W. RUST, Milford RIDER, D. G. BINGHAM, Augustus C. MASON, Joshua N. BARTLETT, Constant S. TREVITT, Erastus DICKINSON, Thomas MORRIS, Rensselaer LAMB, Eleazer LARRABEE, Commodore P. VEDDER, Erastus DICKINSON, Stephen A. HARRINGTON, B. F. BOICE, George H. CAGURN, Augustus C. MASON, Edwin HOPKINS, Andrew STEPHENS, Timothy WALSH, Stephen A. HARRINGTON, Alanson A. WALKER, Christopher FISHER, L. H. CRARY, Charles H. SIKES, Edgar W. BROOKS, Stephen A. HARRINGTON. 

BAPTIST CHURCH OF ELLICOTTVILLE 

 What is now known as Bryant Hill seems to have been in the early settlement of this town, the place where the followers of Roger WILLIAMS congregated and settled. The first written record of any gathering for the purpose of organization was June 26, 1824, and is as follows: 

 CHURCH PROCEEDINGS. Ellicottville, June 26, 1824.– This day, according to previous appointment, have assembled at the house of Nathaniel BRYANT a number of Christian brethren to confer on and adopt measures for the formation of a church, and to regulate and unite themselves into a Christian body, signalized by the title of the ‘Regular Baptist Order.’  We therefore, whose names are undersigned, after mature deliberation and consultation, covenant together to unite, according to the articles and covenant of faith drawn by Elder Peter P. ROOT, to prepare the way for being constituted as a church. 
 “We do further agree to reassemble at the house of Nathaniel BRYANT, on Saturday, the 10th day of July succeeding, at one o’clock P.M., for further conference on the building of the church of Christ. 
 “GERSHOM R. STAUNTON, Sec. 

 “The persons signing this call and agreement were Ebenezer VINING, Nathaniel BRYANT, Daniel HUNTLEY, Records W. VINING, Joseph E. VINING, David PUTNAM, Gershom R. STAUNTON, Abigail VINING, Lydia VINING, Sally VINING, Mary PUTNAM, and Annie M. BRYANT. 
 “ July 24, 1824.–This day have reassembled a number of Christian brethren to confer on and adopt measures for the formation of a church. G. R. STAUNTON was chosen clerk. It was voted to receive Samuel BRYANT as a candidate for baptism, and to meet again in four weeks.” 
 August 21, 1824, meeting was held according to appointment. Elder E. VINING was chosen moderator, and G. R. STAUNTON, clerk. After mature deliberation upon the articles of faith and covenant, the parties whose names were signed to the agreement of the meeting of June 24 received the right hand of fellowship from Elder Ebenezer VINING, as a regularly-organized baptized church of Christ, they being its constituent members. 
 In a meeting held September 18, 1824, Elder E. VINING was invited to be their elder and administrator, and Records W. VINING was appointed to serve as deacon in this church. 
 March 4, 1826, Records W. VINING received a letter of license to preach the gospel wherever God in his providence should call him. 
 Meetings had been held at the house of Nathaniel BRYANT until August 19, 1826, when they met at the schoolhouse. Meetings were held at various times and places,–at the house of David PUTNAM of Machias, May 12, 1827, and at the house of M. G. ROGERS of the same town, March 1, 1828. 
 At a meeting at the schoolhouse, April 23, 1831, it was voted that a council of churches be called for the purpose of ordaining Records W. VINING to the work of the gospel ministry. The following churches were invited to assemble in council on the 26th day of May, 1831 at ten o’clock in the morning for that purpose. The churches of Sardinia, Rushford, Farmersville, Franklinville, Little Valley, and Napoli, and Elders POST and MINER. 
 In accordance with such invitation the council met, and the following churches were represented by their delegates: Sardinia, Elder Whitman METCALF, Deacon STUKELY, Hudson RUSHFORD, Elder Eliab GOING, Deacon James TRUMAN; Franklinville, Deacon Elijah SILL, Levi BENJAMIN, J. M. BOSWORTH, Ira BURLINGAME, Henry CLAFFIN, Jasper ST. JOHN; Little Valley, Deacon John F. MANLEY, Nathan GRAY; Napoli, Elder B. BRAMAN, Deacon George WAIT; Boston, Elder Clark CARR: Friendship, Elder Absalom MINER. 
 Rev. Eliab GOING was chosen moderator; W. METCALF, clerk. Records W. VINING was examined and ordained in due form, followed by an address to the church and congregation, and benediction by Rev. R. W. VINING. June 18, 1831, Andrew TEMPLETON and David VINING were chosen deacons. 
 December 29, 1832, a meeting was held to take into consideration the propriety of establishing a branch of the society at the village of Ellicottville, and it was voted to establish a branch at that place, September 29, 1833. And on Saturday, September 8, 1838, it was voted to remove the place of worship and church business to the village of Ellicottville. Up to this time, 58 had been received by baptism, and 45 by letter since its organization. 
 Services in Ellicottville were held in the courthouse, Elders FOOTE and RICHMOND acting as pastor until the church was discontinued. The pastors who succeeded Rev. Ebenezer VINING were Records W. VINING, Joseph VINING, _____ FOOTE, _____ ROGERS, _____ PIERCE, and Charles RICHMOND. 
 The society was incorporated December 16, 1829, and Joseph E. VINING, David PUTNAM, and Freeman BRYANT were chosen trustees. 
 In 1846, the church numbered 52 male members and 70 females. May 1, 1856, it was on motion “Resolved, That the society exchange the gospel lot No. 20, township 4, in the 6th range, that had been deeded to them October 2, 1830, by the HOLLAND Land Purchase, as the first church organized in the town, for a house and lot in the Valley owned by D. BARTLETT,” which was carried. Owing to internal dissensions in the church, the most of the members joined the churches in Ellicottville and Great Valley, and the last written record is dated November 26, 1864, and shows 16 members. No edifice was erected for worship. 

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 

 As early as the year 1818, the Rev. John SPENCER, in the employ of the Connecticut Missionary Society, held Congregational services for the few worshipers of the vicinity at the house of Orrin PITCHER, which stood on the spot where the WHITNEY house now stands. David PITCHER, his son, who is still living, well remembers being sent out by his father to summon the neighbors to attend services at this house by Father SPENCER. But little is known of the incidents connected with these earliest meetings, or of the names of those who gathered there to enjoy the ministrations of the good missionary. But we know that in the year 1822, the little band numbered among its members Josiah HOLLISTER and wife, Ira NORTON, wife, and daughter, and Roger COIT and wife. On the 10th of September of that year, they were received under the care of the Presbytery of Buffalo. We find no record of their numbers until 1826, when 21 were reported,1 but two years later these had dwindled to 13. At this time, strife and dissension had entered the church, on account of the differences between Congregational and Presbyterian (1 See History of Presbyterian Church in Western New York, by Rev. James H. Hotchkin) 
 

views, “so that,” says the Rev. Sylvester COWLES, “it was in such a hopeless state that they wished a new organization, so as to leave the elements of strife outside.”..... “These,” he says, “were the circumstances which led to the formation of the Presbyterian Church,” which was regularly organized at the schoolhouse on the public square, December 19, 1829 by the Rev. N. GOULD and L. H. GRIDLEY. The original members were Josiah HOLLISTER, Ira NORTON, Orrin BROWN, Archelaus BROWN, Stillwell HUNTLEY, Hiram L. RIPLEY, David  PITCHER, Sally EWELL, Chloe FOX, and Margaret RUST,–ten in all. On the day of the organization, Josiah HOLLISTER, Ira NORTON, Orrin BROWN, and Hiram L. RIPLEY were elected the first Board of Elders; the two latter being also elected deacons. In 1831, Rev. John T. BALDWIN was chosen as stated supply one-half of the time for two years. The Rev. Sylvester COWLES commenced his labors as stated supply October 16, 1833, and continued about four years, spending part of the time with the church at Waverly. During this time he was assisted in two seasons of special effort by the Rev. Mr. ORTON, an evangelist. A goodly number were converted and united with the church, and in 1836, the church numbered 75 members. 
 The rev. Mead HOLMES was a licentiate of the Buffalo Presbytery, and was clerk of a session at a meeting held October 8, 1840. He was subsequently called to the pastoral charge of the congregation, and ordained and installed by the Presbytery of Buffalo, June 23, 1841. In the year succeeding, a series of meetings of eighteen days’ duration were held under the conduct of the Rev. Mr. ORTON, and a hundred persons were supposed to have been converted; but it was subsequently made to appear that many of these were of the class indicated in the parable of the sower, who “had no root in themselves,” and relapsed to their former state. In the year, 1843, 168 members were reported. Mr. HOLMES sustained the relation of pastor until September 5, 1843, when it was dissolved. The history of his pastorate shows him to have been a faithful, earnest, and successful laborer. At the commencement of 1844, the Rev. Mr. COWLES again was employed as a stated supply, and continued in that capacity for a period of four years. In 1846, 118 members were reported. In the support of all these ministers, the church had been aided by the American Home Missionary Society. 
 The Rev. Hiram EDDY was laboring in this field in 1850, and remained during a period of three years. The church was strengthened under his able preaching. During the two years that succeeded, services were held by the Rev. J. J. AIKIN and C. KIDDER. 
 June 7, 1855, the Rev. Charles JEROME, of the Presbytery of Rochester, commenced his labors with this people, and in 1856 divided his time between this church and the Franklinville Church. He remained in this connection until October 1, 1857, when the church and society, feeling more and more the necessity of having the gospel preached to them every Sabbath, called a public meeting and resolved “that they would support preaching each Lord’s day in future,” from which time he remained with them until the latter part of 1860. 
 The Rev. W. V. COUCH began his labors here in the first year of the war, and resigned in October, 1863, on account of ill health. 
 By an entry on the records of the church, it appears that on the 30th of September, 1865, the Rev. L. P. SABIN presided at a meeting of the session, and remained in this field of labor until the spring of 1868, when his labors ceased. 
 July 11, 1868, the Rev. I. M. ELY commenced his ministry to the church, and remained not quite a year. The Rev. Courtney SMITH having relinquished his charge of the church in Portland, Chautauqua County, at the urgent solicitation of friends at Little Valley, he came to Ellicottville in September, 1869, and supplied the pulpit, which resulted in an arrangement for his supplying them three-quarters of the time for the ensuing year. 
 In September, 1870, he received a call in due form, signed by the board of elders and trustees, to become the settled pastor of the church and society, to commence November 1, 1870. By request of the church and society, the Presbytery of Genesee Valley, participated in the ordination and installation of the Rev. Courtney SMITH, on the 29th day of December, 1870, since which time he has discharged the duties of the pastorate. The church has had but two regularly-installed pastors since its organization,–the Rev. Meade HOLMES and the present incumbent. The church has dwindled to 50 members, and was in a weak and languishing state. The weekly prayer meetings had been well sustained, and a Sabbath school, under the supervision of Judge SCOTT, was in a healthy condition. The church and society formed a connection with the Board of Sustentation in 1872, and the board appropriated that year $400. The subsequent appropriations were $364 each. Since the year 1875, the church has been self-sustaining. The religious services of the church were held for several years in the courthouse, and in 1838 erected a house of worship 30 by 40 feet in size, and one story high, on the spot where P. J. HAENERFELD’s cabinet shop now stands, the main part of which is the old church. In 1852, the church edifice they now occupy was built of brick, on its present site at a cost of $6,000. 
 The church reported at the last meeting of the Presbytery 1089 members and has a flourishing Sabbath school Lemi CRARY, Superintendent, with a library of about 200 volumes. 

ST. JOHN’S CHURCH (EPISCOPAL) 

 The first entry on the records of the Episcopal Church is the following: “At a meeting of the inhabitants of the village of Ellicottville and its vicinity, held in pursuance to previous notice at the schoolhouse in said village on the 13th day of September, 1829, for the purpose of organizing a religious society or church according to the rites and usages of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New York, the Rev. Rufus MURRY was called to the chair; Moses BEECHER was chosen secretary; Staley N. CLARKE and Ezra CANFIELD were nominated and appointed by the said meeting to certify to its proceedings. The meeting then proceeded to ballot for two wardens and eight vestrymen, and on counting the votes it was determined that Ralph R. PHELPS and John FELLOWS were unanimously elected wardens and Ezra CANFIELD, David WARD, Moses BEECHER, Israel DAY, Nathaniel FISH, Elihu ALVORD, Henry WOOSTER, and Staley N. CLARKE were unanimously elected vestrymen of said church. The meeting then passed the following resolutions: 

 “Resolved, That this church shall hereafter be known by the name and style of St. John’s Church of Ellicottville. 
 “Resolved, That the annual elections of wardens and vestrymen shall hereafter be held on the Monday in the week called Easter week. 
 “Resolved, That this meeting adjourn sine die. 
  “I certify that the foregoing record is true, 
 “Moses BEECHER, Secretary” 

 The Rev. Reuben H. FREEMAN and the Rev. Alexander FRAZER ministered to the church between the years of 1829 and 1834. Their names do not appear as rectors on the minutes of the church, but are on the record of confirmations. 
 The Rev. Thomas MORRIS was chairman of a meeting March 31, 1834, and was rector of the church until July 20, 1846. Rev. Nathaniel F. BRUCE was chosen chairman April 9, 1849. 
 At a meeting of the wardens and vestrymen, June 23, 1851, it was “Resolved, the Rev. P. P. KIDDER be invited to take charge of said church for one year.” He remained as their rector till December 21, 1863, when his resignation was handed in to the wardens and vestrymen, and after consultation, it was accepted. 
 A corresponding committee was appointed with the view of procuring the services of a successor to Mr. KIDDER as rector of the church. 
 The Rev. Francis GRANGER was rector over the church in 1867, and whose services closed soon after, March, 1869. The Rev. William F. LANE was rector July 26, 1868, as appears by the records, and was employed for the remainder of the ensuing year, and to divide his time between the churches of Ellicottville and Salamanca. He remained in this field until April 10, 1871. 
 A meeting was called to take measures for the incorporating “St. John’s Episcopal Church of Ellicottville,” and Anson GIBBS and Charles MC COY were chosen to sign and acknowledge with the presiding officer, the certificate of incorporation. 
 The Rev. M. B. BENTON was rector during the years of 1874-75. 
 March 12, 1876, a committee were appointed to correspond with clergymen with a view of securing a rector for St. John’s Church. March 22, 1876, this committee reported in favor of calling the Rev. Aubrey F. TODRIG, he to have charge also of the church at Salamanca. Rev. C. M. BENTON returned to the scene of his former labors, and became rector September 1, 1878, and still holds the office. 
 The first notice of an intention to erect a church edifice is contained in the following notice from the records of the church, April 26, 1834. 
 At a meeting of the wardens and vestrymen of St. John’s Church in Ellicottville, called for the purpose of appointing a building committee for the erection of a church edifice for said church, it was voted unanimously that Abraham Searl, John Fellows, Elihu, Alvord, Bethuel, McCoy, and Moses Beecher be said committee. 
 A church was built and formally consecrated by Bishop B.T. Onderdouk the 17th day of August, 1838, by the name of St. John’s Church; and at a meeting of the wardens and vestrymen, held on that day, it was 
 ”Resolved, 1st, That the instrument of donation presented by the bishop of this diocese be executed by the chairman and secretary of this meeting and delivered to him. 
 “Resolved, 2d, That this corporation adopt for their corporate seal that side of the dime or ten-cent piece that has the impress of the eagle upon it, and that the same be hereafter used as the seal of said corporation.” 
 The church has received the ministrations of Bishop Onderdonk from 1832 to 1838, Bishop De Lancy from 1839 to 1862, and of Bishop A.C. Coxe from 1862 to the present time.  In the tower of this church is a Spanish bell of peculiar construction, connected with which is a very remarkable history. It is a bronze bell, having a circumference at the top of 4 feet and 2 inches, and 7 feet 2½ inches at the base; height 2 feet and 9 inches, with an average thickness of 3 inches, and weighing about 1300 pounds.  Upon one side of the bell is an ornamented cross, set in an ornamented triangular base.  Above the end of each arm of the cross is a nail pointing downwards at an angle, and one also on the right side of the cross, near the bottom, pointing to the foot.  Near the top of the bell, in two lines running round it, in antique characters, is the inscription: 

ABE SOI LABOS DEL ANGEL QVE EN ALTO SVENA MARIA GRACIA PLENA BARGAS MEFECI MALAGA, 1708 

 The Rt. Rev. Bishop Coxe says of this inscription, “That it is corrupt Spanish, as the Malagese are mixed with the moors and speak a barbarous lingo. They often use b for v, and have changed many other letters; hence, Abe should be Ave, Labos should be La voz, etc.  When corrected into pure Spanish, then, the inscription would stand thus:  ‘Ave (soi la voz del Angel Qve en alto svena) Maria, plena gracia.’  Translation:  “Hail (I am the voice of the angel who on high sounds forth), Mary! Full of grace.’  Then the founder adds his name and the place of manufacture, “bargas, made at Malaga, 1708.’ “ 
 The bell was cast during the reign of Philip V., at Malaga, Spain, one hundred and seventy years ago.  It undoubtedly hung in the tower of one of the many Spanish convents in the vicinity of that city, and was used to call the people to morning and evening prayers. About the year 1832, a religious war broke out near the city, and, although its duration was short, several battles were fought, and a number of monasteries or convents were sacked and destroyed by fire. It was, with others, collected at Malaga harbor, laid there some time, and was at length sold to a sea-captain from New York as ballast for his ship. 
 They were brought to New York and advertised extensively in the papers as “a cargo of Spanish bells.” The late Nicholas Devereux purchased this one, and sold it to the people of this place for $125. A subscription was taken up, the money raised, and the bell bought.  It was sent to Buffalo on the Erie Canal, and Mr. John Hurlbut drew it here with his team in the autumn of 1838, and it was the first bell in town.  For several years it was run three times a day, — at six o’clock in the morning, at noon, and at nine o’clock in the evening. 
 Its qualities do not seem in the least impaired by age or vicissitudes; and now, on Sabbath mornings, its tone rings through the valley as clear and musical as it matin and vesper calls vibrated across the hills far-off Malaga more than 170 years ago. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

 No records can be obtained of the early history of this church, but services were held soon after 1821, as at that time Ezra Canfield, who was here at work on the courthouse, was leader of a class. The Rev. Gleason Fillmore had charge of a church in Buffalo in 1818, and in that year built the first Methodist church on the Holland Purchase at that place, and was soon after presiding elder, and met with the few here who were in sympathy with his views. 
. Father May seems to have been the one best remembered by the old inhabitants here as the first local preacher in 1822.  He was succeeded by Revs. Mr. Nichols, Nevins, Whalen, Colburn, Shaw, Sandord, Anderson, Burlingame, Pickard, Herrick, Hoyt, John Havens, John C. McCuen. In 1850, a church edifice was commenced on its present site while the Rev. Sanford Hunt was in charge, and it was completed under the administration of Rev. John McCrary, Lorin Packard, and A.W. Luce, and dedicated June 9, 1853, by the Rev. Schuyler Seager, of Lockport, presiding elder of Buffalo District. Rev. I.C. Kingsley, P.E., was present and took part in the exercises. The ministers present were the Rev. Hiram Eddy and the Rev. J.J. Aiken of this village, Rev. Mr. Parker, of Olean, Rev. C.C.Beard, of Otto, Rev. J. McLelland, of Springville, Rev. W.S. Tuttle, of Farmersville, and the Rev. Mr. Woodward, of Hamburg. 
 The ministers who officiated in this church from that time are the Revs. E.M. Buck, E. Ely, Amos Curry, John Wells, Rufus Cooley, Walter Gordon, A.S. Stevens, — McIntyre, Timothy Potter, John Alexander, Wm. Weber, P.D. Barnhart, Geo. Cheney, M.D. Jackson, C.D. Rowley, Israel Bowen, and C.H. Van Vradenburg. The church at present numbers 20 members. It has been for several years under a charge with the church in Sugartown, in the town of Humphrey. 

ST. PHILIP NERI’S CHURCH (CATHOLIC) 

 The first Catholic services held in this town were in the Mansion House, kept by David Huntley, and were conducted by Father McAvoy. About six months after, upon the completion of J.C. Devereux’s land-office, services were held by the same minister. Later, Mr. Nicholas Devereux purchased a school-house that was unused, and fitted it for a chapel. Fathers Dooran and McKievers were parish priests residing here, having in charge from Buffalo east to the Genesee River. Services were held in this chapel for a year or two. Mr. Devereux agreed to build a church if Fathers Dooran and McKievers would raise money for a parsonage. The Eric Road was at that time building, and money was obtained from the laborers. Father Pamfilio and Milian, of the order of Franciscans, were stationed here, and an organization was effected Sept. 20, 1848, with 12 members, by Bishop Timon.  In 1851, the church edifice was erected at a cost of $4,200, including lot. Father Fitzsimmons was the first pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. Father John Beatty, John Twohey, — Le Brittan, —Glennim, — Rogers, J. Brady, and —Ryan, who is the present pastor. 
 The number of families in connection with the church is 500. 

THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ST. PETERS’ CHURCH* 

(*) “Unaltered Augsburg Confession” 

 This church was organized Dec. 18, 1867, with 12 members, at Vedder’s Corners. Their first pastor was the Rev. E. Lemheus, who remained until the latter part of 1872. Rev. M. Hyer took the pastoral care of the church in January, 1873, and occupied the field for about two years and a half. In the fall of 1876, the Rev. Mr. Kanold assumed the labors of the pastorate, and is still in charge. The church is largely attended by Germans who are settled in the vicinity, and the services are conducted in the German language. 

SCHOOLS 

 The first school was taught by Eunice Carpenter, at the house of Orrin Pitcher, in the summer of 1818. Chauncey J. Fox taught a short time during the following winter, in a small house now occupied by Charles Chamberlain near the Catholic church. In the summers of 1819 and 1820, Ursula Maltby taught in the upper room of Baker Leonard’s house. John W. Staunton taught in the court-room in the winter of 1820-21, and Nathaniel Hurlbut in the same place in the winter of 1821-22. The town was first divided into school districts June 4, 1821, by Artemus Blair, Rickertson Burlingame, Daniel Thomas, school commissioners. 
 The report of the school commissioners of the town for 1823 shows the following facts in reference to the schools for the previous school year: 
 District No. 1 — Summer school three months, winter school three months; number of scholars taught, 55; number of children between the ages of five and fifteen, 44. 
 District No. 2 — Summer school three months, winter school three months. 
 District no. 3 — Summer school three months, winter school three months; number of scholars taught, 21’ number of children between the ages of five and fifteen, 21. 
 They also report the whole amount of money received for the use of common schools during the year as $54.69, of which sum $29.69 was received from the county treasurer, and $25 from the collector, together with $20.24 remaining in the hands of the former commissioners. 
 The first trustees chosen were Orrin Pitcher, Grove Hurlbut, and David Goodwin. 
 The first school-house in the town was on Bryant Hill and was built in 1820. The first in the village of Ellicottville was erected on the public square about 1824, and was two stories high, the lower room being used for a district school, the upper for a select school. 
 Dissatisfaction arose in the district for some cause, and it was divided. The school-house was sold to Mr. Devereux. School-houses were built in the separate districts, — one on the corner of Elizabeth and Adams Streets, the other near the Catholic church. 

THE ELLICOTTVILLE FEMALE SEMINARY 

 The Ellicottville Female Seminary was opened in the village in 1835, under the charge of Mrs. S. Cowles and Miss Mary Lyman.  It was continued by them for three years, when it passed, in 1838, to the control of Mrs. Emma R. Newcomb, under whom it remained in successful operation for several years. 
 The present school-house in the village of Ellicottville was erected in 1851. 
 On October 28, 1865, a meeting was held, pursuant to notice, for the purpose of deciding whether the district in which the village of Ellicottville is situated should become a free school district or not. The meeting having decided in favor of a free school, an election was held and nine trustees were elected. Elihiu S. Stewart was selected as president, and J.K. Skinner, clerk. 
 The present board of education is as follows:  William Manley, President; A. Ward, Secretary; W.G. Laidlaw, H.L. Smith, D.J. Huntley, G.M. Rider, P.K. Shankland, H.B. Harrington, L.L. Razey; William B. Johnston, Principal; Miss Harriet McCoy, Intermediate; Miss Kitty Williams, Primary. 
 The statistics of the schools in the town for 1878 are from statements kindly furnished by Hon. Neil Gilmour, Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State. The number of districts are nine, with nine school-houses; value of school-buildings, with sites, $8,170; volumes in library, 411, — valued at $246; the number of children of school age, 715; average daily attendance, 277p; number of weeks taught, 282; number of teachers for 28 weeks or more, 11; amount paid for teachers’ wages, #2,679.42; amount of public money received from State, $1,524.46; amount of money received from tax, $1,543.38. 

CEMETERIES 

 The first burials in the town of Ellicottville were made in a ground appropriated for the purpose, lying within the present village corporation, near its southeastern boundary, on the road leading to Great Valley, now known as Jefferson Street. Within this ground lie the remains of many of the first pioneers and some of the most prominent citizens of the village in the past.  It is a spot of some natural beauty, well adapted to its sacred uses, and is till the principal cemetery of the town. 
 On Bryant Hill, a ground was set apart soon after the settlement at that place. Justus, a son of Justin Rust, was the first buried there. This ground is still in use as a place of interment by the people in the immediate vicinity. 
 The “Niles Burying-ground” is situated about a mile west of the village of Ellicottville, and is used as a family burial-place. 

SOCIETIES. 

CONSTELLATION LODGE, NO. 435, F. AND A. M. 

 Constellation Lodge, No. 435, F. and A.M., was organized at Ellicottville, receiving its charter June 1, 1835. The first officers were Gaius Wheaton, Master; John Vosburg, Senior Warden; and Jacob Simmons, Junior Warden. 
 It was chartered by the “County Grand Lodge,” there being from 1823 to 1827 two Grand Lodges in the State. Their meetings were held in what was known as the Masonic Room in Mr. Huntley’s tavern. The lodge never made any returns to the Grand Lodge, and the warrant was surrendered in 1832. 
 The Anti-Masonry excitement occurred during its existence, and but little is known of its history. 

ELLICOTTVILLE LODGE, NO. 307 

Ellicottville Lodge was chartered June 14, 1858, and on the 18th day of July, 1853, Past Master Job Bigelow duly constituted such lodge, and installed its officers, with Rensselaer Lamb as master, Geo. W. Gillett as Senior Warden, and Clark Robertson as Junior Warden. 
 Out of the jurisdiction of Ellicottville Lodge have been taken the Clinton F. Page Lodge, No. 620, of Waverly, and the Franklinville Lodge, No. 626. 
 The Past Masters have been as follows: Rensselaer Lamb, J.J. Aiken, Wm. Howland, Saml. Wm. Johnson, D.H. Bolles, Wm. A. Meloy, J. King Skinner, E.D., Northrup, Oliver T. Drown, W.R. Pindar, and P.R. Shankland. The present officers are Palmer K. Shankland, Master; Fred’k Young, Senior Warden; Riley L. Starr, Junior Warden; E.D. Northrup, Sec. 
 Their meetings are held in the Masonic Room, in the Brick Block, on Washington Street. They number at present 78 members. 

ELLICOTTVILLE LODGE, NO. 174, A.O.U.W. 

 Ellicottville Lodge No. 174 was organized Sept. 19 1878, with 14 constituent members, D.J. Woodworth, Dist. Dep. Grand Master Workman; C.P. Vedder, P.M.W.; A.D. Scott, M.W.; T.A. Hinman, Recorder; L.H. Crary, Gen[‘l Foreman. 
 They have a present 25 members. Their meetings are held in the Good Templars’ Room, in the McMahan Block. 

THE INDEPENDENT BACHELORS 

 “At a meeting of the Independent Bachelors of the town of Ellicottville, held at the house of S.S. Huntley, on Wednesday evening, Feb. 16, 1848, for the purpose of nominating candidates to be supported at the ensuing election, J.L. Rice, Esq., was called to the chair, and James H. Metcalfe was appointed secretary. 
 “On motion, Resolved, That no candidate be nominated for Supervisor. 
 Charles C. Hull, Dr. Horace Arnold, and A.H. McKallor were appointed a committee to report a list of candidates. They reported as follows: For Town Clerkl, Archibald McKallor; Town Superintendent Common Schools, Charles P. Washburn; Collector, Charles C. Hull; Justice Milton L. Rice; Assessor, Horace Rasey; Commissioner of Highways, Horace Arnold; Overseer of Poor, Samuel S. Huntley; Inspectors of Election, William H. Beecher, Peter V.A Skinner, James H. Metcalfe; Constables, William Harnes, John A. Vedder, Napoleon Searle, Amasa Williams, James Johnson. 
 “Report unanimously adopted. 
 On motion, R. Harlen, M.L. Rice, and R.L. Carey were chosen a committee to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting. They reported the following, which were unanimously adopted: 

 “Resolved, That we, the unmarried men of Ellicottville, being unencumbered with wives, and the responsibilities attendant on married life, deem it our duty to lighten the burdens that have heretofore devolved upon the married men of this town by taking upon our shoulders the official duties of said town for the ensuing year.” 
 “That the candidates presented by this caucus are worthy of the suffrages of our citizens.” 
 “That we will elect this ticket in spite of the opposition of married men and the lamentations of spinsters.” 
 “That every candidate who shall marry during the term for which be shall be elected shall give an oyster supper for the benefit of all the bachelors of said town [hereupon one of the candidates arose and declined to accept the nomination, when upon motion, it was resolved that no candidate should be executed unless he shall make affidavit of his intention to marry within one year, and that the proceedings of this meeting be published in the papers of this village].” 

 The Independent Bachelors failed to elect their ticket, and the “organization” proved short lived. 

FORMATION OF AN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY 

 Very exciting scenes were witnessed in Ellicottville at the formation of the Cattaraugus County Anti-Slavery Society in 1836. The story of its formation, and the excitement attending it, is told in the following extracts from the Ellicottville Republican of that time. 
 From the issue of April 28, 1836: 
 His exciting and dangerous topic continued to be the subject for popular and exciting lectures throughout the country. Notwithstanding the great mass of the people have pronounced it inexpedient and dangerous, still we regret there are to be found men willing to embark in any cause, however corrupt and wicked, even at the expense and hazard of the public peace and tranquility…..” 
 “This village, which has been noted for its good order and decorum, has been, during the past and present week, shaken and convulsed by one of these disturbers of the peace [Mr. Hunington Lyman], who arrived in town on Thursday of last week, and appointed a lecture on Abolitionism for the afternoon of that day. The hour arrived and we are credibly informed that only nine persons were in attendance, the more respectable portion of the community attesting their disapprobation by their absence. Not satisfied with this manifestation of the public will, the disturber appointed the next day for another lecture; and again found about the same number of men, and probably an equal number of women, present.” 
 Those events occurred on the 21st of April. On Saturday, the 23d, another meeting was held at the school-house, amid great excitement, and at its close, as the audience was retiring, Mr. D.I. Huntley gave out notice that Mr. Lyman would deliver an abolition lecture the next evening (Sunday). A large majority of the citizens of the village, — including all the well-disposed and influential, — considering it a popular political lecture, were firmly opposed to any such profanation, and accordingly resolved to resist any such encroachment on the Sabbath. In behalf of those persons opposed to such lectures, the following letter was addressed to Mr. Lyman: 

“April 24, 1836.” 
 “Mr. H. Lyman. —Sir, — We have understood that a lecture is to be given by you this evening in the school-house, on the subject of abolition, and we take the liberty of addressing you on the subject. In the first place, as we consider it a political subject, we do not deem it a fit subject for the Sabbath, tending to the profanation of the day set apart for more serious purposes. We, therefore, as friends of good order in community and moral example, request that you desist from such a proceeding. We assure you that we shall not submit tamely to an insult of such magnitude. 
   “Yours in haste, “Eleazer Harmon, 
     “Anson Gibbs, 
     “Robert H. Shankland” 

 ”No answer was received to the above note, but at the appointed hour, he appeared, and commenced by reading a chapter in the Bible. After that having been gone through with, Mr. Harmon interposed, and respectfully inquired whether the lecture was to be a political or a religious lecture, stating that it was not his desire to interfere with or disturb a religious discourse. The agitator utterly refused to give any explanation to the citizens assembled, and finding they were determined to hear no such lecture, the friends of the cause repaired to the tavern of the Messrs. Huntley. In short, the friends of good order were requested to tarry, but upon consultation, it was resolved to repair also to the tavern, and meet again on Monday evening at the school-house. All repaired in good order to the tavern, and obtained admission without any considerable  difficulty, and as they did not undertake to adopt a constitution which they had in readiness, they were not interrupted.” 
 A very strong public excitement appears to have resulted from this attempt to organize an anti-slavery society in Cattaraugus County. On the following evening (Monday, April 25), a meeting, “for the purpose of taking into consideration the exciting subject of slavery,” was held in the school-house in Ellicottville, of which Dr. A. Crary was made chairman, and Anson Gibbs secretary, and which after its object had been stated, and a committee appointed to draft resolutions, was adjourned, to reassemble at the court-house on the following evening. 
 Upon reassembling at the court-house, pursuant to adjournment, the committee reported a preamble and resolutions as follows: 
 

 “Whereas, An excitement has been produced in our community by a certain agitator and a chosen few, upon the much-agitated question of Abolition, and whereas, the Sabbath was violated by an attempt to promulgate this pestiferous doctrine, in violation of the sacred rule to keep holy the Sabbath day, and attempts were made to palm off upon the public as a lecturer on morality, a certain individual whose private character will not bear examination, but when weighted in his own balances, is found wanting. We, the committee, to prevent the recurrence of such outrages, do report the following resolutions: 
 “Resolved, That it was with no ordinary feeling of indignation that we witnessed the coming of Mr. Lyman to disturb the universal amity of social intercourse and moral devotion of the inhabitants of this village, by introducing his wild and fanatical lectures upon the principles of abolitionism, and that we consider it an essay by him and his colleagues, to poison the fountain from which has flowed all our social and domestic happiness; to demolish the barriers that have heretofore existed between the pure aspirations of religious devotion and the discordant ebullition of political frenzy……” 
 “Resolved, That the exhortation of Mr. Lyman to press forward in the cause of abolition, regardless of the consequences, and if it caused the dissolution of the Union as preferable to the present state of emissaries of the monarchial powers to subvert the liberties of our country, and verify the royal prediction of the ephemeral existence of republics, and it is the opinion of this committee that the infected author of  such treasonous principles requires the medicinal properties of the tar, and lulling magic of the feathers, to induce a state of mental convalescence.” 

 Other resolutions of less importance were adopted by the meeting, which thereupon adjourned. 
 “P.S. — Last evening [Wednesday, April 27, 1836] the disturbers again commenced assembling at the tavern of the Messrs. Huntley, and it was soon rumored that the purpose was to form a society and adopt a constitution. A large number of the friends of free discussion and good order immediately repaired to the tavern, and claimed the right to discuss the principles of the constitution which they were about adopting without its even being read. Mr. Harmon insisted upon the right to be heard, but was refused. The vote, however, was taken, and decided against its adoption. The friends of abolition were then requested to retire into an adjoining room, — the friends of free discussion repaired there also; from there they repaired up-stairs, and the friends of discussion followed; and from up-stairs down-stairs again, — and then they were respectfully requested to put the adoption of the constitution to vote again, several persons having come in sine the rejection who wished to vote; which they utterly refused to do. The secretary wrote down several names as signers to the constitution; among the number several little girls and beardless boys. The citizens outnumbered the agitators three to one, and still were told they should not discuss freely. The disturbers cannot complain now if they have the chalice returned to their own lips. The meeting, after rather a desultory discussion, was declared, by the landlord, adjourned. Next week we shall give the particulars of last night’s outrage upon the rights of the community, and the successful manner in which the citizens put down the formation of such a society in a public manner.” The society, however, was formed at that time; the Rev. Sylvester Cowles and Pliny L. Fox, Esq., being amount the principal of its leaders. 
 
 

THE VILLAGE OF ELLICOTTVILLE* 
lies very nearly in the geographical centre of the county, and is located in an intervale of about half a mile in width, on Great Valley Creek. Hills rise in varying heights several hundred feet above the valley, and their sides covered with forest trees majestic in form and rich in foliage. It was laid out by the Holland Land Company, with special reference to its position and availability for the future. The county-seat was located at this place in 1808 by commissioners appointed, and court was held at the house of Baker Leonard, in 1818.   The county buildings were erected in 1820, and this village remained the county-seat until 1868. 
_________________________________________ 
*The Indian name of this village is de-as-hen-da-qua, or “place for holding courts;” and Great Valley Creek, on which it is situated, was known as  O-da-squa-dos-sa, or around the stone.” 
     The Holland Land Company opened an office here in June, 1818, David Godwin, agent. 
     A notice was published, dated Dec. 21, 1836, “that an application will be made to the Legislature of the State, at its next session, for an act to incorporate the village of Ellicottville.” 
     The application was made and an act passed April 1, 1837. The village is contained in the following bounds; 
     “Beginning at a post standing in the centre of the road leading from Ellicottville to Great Valley, said post being on a line running south 30 degrees east from the centre of the public square, and at the distance of 35 chains 35½ links from the centre of said public square; thence  south 60 degrees west, 35 chains 35½links, to a post; thence north 30 degrees west, 70 chains 71 links, to a post; thence north 60 degrees east 70 chains 71 links, to a post; thence south 60 degrees west, 35 chains 35½ links, to the place of beginning.”  The area intended† to be inclosed within the village limits is 500 acres. A notice was published in the Cattaraugus Republican of April 27, 1837, as follows: 
     “The inhabitants residing within the village of Ellicottville entitled to vote for members of Assembly, are notified to meet at the court-house of said village the 2d of May next, at one o’clock in the afternoon of that day, there to elect by ballot five trustees, three assessors, one treasurer, one collector, one clerk, one constable, who shall each and every one of these be inhabitants of said village, qualified to vote for members of Assembly. Israel Day, Justice of the Peace in the village of Ellicottville. Dated, April 24, 1837.” 
     Charter election was held, in comformity to the above call, at the court-house, and the village was organized by the election of Israel Day, Moses Beecher, Robert H. Shankland, Daniel I. Huntley, and Samuel S. Clark as Trustees; James Reynolds, Alexander Chambers, and William Johnston, Assessors; Stanley N. Clark, Treasurer; and Cyrus G. McKay as Clerk. 
________________________________________ 
† It will be found on examination that these described boundaries inclose nothing, being only two sides and half of the third side of the square intended to be inclosed 

 The following is a list of Presidents and clerks from 1838 to 1878: 
                       President.             Clerk. 
1838…..Israel Day.                  C. G. McKay. 
1839…..       “                          Harlan Colman. 
1840…..       “                                 “ 
1841…..       “                          Joseph Colman. 
1842….. Robt. H. Shankland.   Nelson P. Wilson 
1843…..Alexander Chambers.        “ 
1844…..Israel Day                    T. S. Bentley 
1845…..      “                            Charles C. Hull. 
1846…..      “                                 “ 
1847…..Addison G. Rice          A. H. McKaller. 
1848…..M. L. Brewster.                “ 
1849…..G. W. Senear.              M. Beecher, Jr. 
1850…..Wm. P. Angel                   “ 
1851…..Addison G. Rice               “ 
1852…..Wm. Saml. Johnson.    David H. Bolles. 
1853…..        “                               “ 
1854…..David H. Bolles.          P. H. Jones. 
1855…..Horace Razey.             G. W. Baillet. 
1856…..        “                               “ 
1857…..        “                         C. S. Trevitt. 
1858…..Theodore Smith.         J. King Skinner. 
1859…..Wm. Gallagher.           Wm. A. Meloy. 
1860…..William B. Huntley      Samuel C. Noyes. 
1861…..Damid H. Bolles.              “ 
1862…..Enos H. Southwick.     Manley Crosby. 
1863…..Alonzo Gregory.              “ 
1864…..        “                         N. H. Holden. 
1865…..A. D. Scott.                E. D. Northrup. 
1866…..        “                               “ 
1867…..        “                               “ 
1868…..        “                               “ 
1869…..        “                               “ 
1870…..Robt. H. Shankland.   Wm. R. Pindar. 
1871…..A. D. Scott.                      “ 
1872…..R. H. Shankland.              “ 
1873…..A. D. Scott                       “ 
1874…..E. D. Northrup.                “ 
1875…..A. D. Scott.                      “ 
1876…..R. H. Shankland.              “ 
1877…..E. D. Northrup.                “ 
 

     Officers for 1878:  H. B. Herrington, President; Theodore Lowe, Quintus E. Rust, and F. J. Hinman, Trustees; Wm. R. Pindar, Clerk. 
     The population of the village in 1870 was 579, and in 1875, 723,—–an increase of 144. 

     The village contains 4 churches (Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, Roman Catholic), 2 hotels, post-office, school-house, bank, land-office, 4 dry-goods and grocery-stores, 10 groceries, 2 drug-stores, 1 hardware-store, harness-shop, shoe-store, 2 cabinet-shops and furniture-stores, 7 blacksmith-shops, 2 tailor-shops, printing-office, jewelry-store, 3 millinery-stores, grist-mill, steam saw-, lath-, shingle-, and planing-mill, 3 shoemakers, foundry, carriage-shop, sign and carriage painter, market, railroad station, 8 lawyers, and 4 physicians. 
     A fire department was organized in 1874, and a hand-engine purchased. The present officers are A. J. Layton, President; T. R. Alcrich, Vice-President; E. G. Herrington, Foreman; Frederick Herrington, First Assistant Foreman; C. H. Bolles, Second Assistant Foreman; Eb. Saxton, Captain Hose; J. S. Vallely, Secretary; Frank Redfield, Treasurer; E. S. King, Steward. 

ROCHESTER AND STATE LINE RAILROAD. 

     The track of this road lies along the Great Valley Creek, passes through the eastern portion of the village, and was opened for travel May 15, 1878. It will be found more fully mentioned in the general history of the county. 
     The town of Ellicottville was bonded for $30,000 in October, 1870, to aid in the construction of the Cattaraugus Railway, of which $15,000 has been paid, with accrued interest. 

THE POST-OFFICE. 

     The first post-office was opened in the village of  Ellicottville in 1822. John A. Bryan was the first postmaster. He was succeeded by Henry Saxton, Israel Day, J. King Skinner, Horace Razey, J. King Skinner, George W. Bailett, Harry Matteson, George Winters, Thomas R. Aldrich, and George W. Blackman, who is postmaster at present. 
     The first mail was carried on horseback, by —— 
Moore, from this place to Centerville. Uncle Peter Sampson, as he was familiarly called, soon after established a route from Buffalo to Olean, carrying the mail at first on horseback, then carrying on a stage and private express business. 

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

     Eleazer Harmon carried on a bank of discount for two or three years about 1855, in a small brick building in rear of the court-house. J. King Skinner, Jan. 1, 1858, opened a bank of discount in the second story of the brick block, and remained there until November of that year, when he removed to Mr. Devereux’s land-office as clerk, and continued the bank until 1878. An application was made to the Legislature of the State of New York in 1863 for a bank, to be called the Cattaraugus County Bank of Ellicottville, with a capital stock of $200,000. An application  was made also for a bank with capital stock of 55,000 in 1875. Charters were refused on both applications. 

THE BANK OF ELLICOTTVILLE 

Was organized as a bank of discount July 15, 1878, and opened for business August 1, with capital of $20,000. E. S. Stewart, President; C. McCoy, Vice-President; C. A. Case, Cashier; William H. Bard, Teller. 
     Copartners individually liable, E. S. Stewart, C. P. Vedder, Charles McCoy, A. J. Adams, W. A. Fox, Charles A. Case, Ellicottville; L. H. Smith, Mansfield; T. H. Ferris, Prospect, N. Y.; H. E. Greene, W. M. Benson, J. D. Case, Thomas Case, N. F. Weed, H. Stillwell, Franklinville. 
     The bank is located in the building that was erected and used for the county clerk’s office. 

THE CATTARAUGUS COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY 

was incorporated March 17, 1837. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year on the 1st of June, 1837:  Benjamin Chamberlain, President; Bethuel McCoy, Vice-President; Adam Charlton, Secretary; Israel Day, General Agent. The act of incorporation required that application to the amount of $50,000 be made before  policies are issued. The company remained in business until about 1857. The fire at Gowanda in 1856 caused litigations that lasted several years, and finally culminated in the dissolution of the company. 

AGRICULTURE 

     The town of Ellicottville contains an area of 24,407 acres, of which 15,004 are improved. The soil in the valleys is a gravely loam, and upon the hills is clay loam. It is not dissimilar to that of the northern part of the county. Considerable attention is given to fruit culture. Of the cereals, oats are most extensively cultivated. Potatoes and Indian corn are raised to some extent, but the attention of the people is mainly directed to stock-raising and dairying. The number of cows in 1875 was 2058. There was made in families 89,105 pounds of butter; 8800 pounds of cheese; the milk of 1250 cows was sent to the factory, and 9025 gallons of milk were sold in market; 26,418 bushels of potatoes were raised, and 7103 bushels of apples; and 11,960 pounds of maple-sugar were made, and 37,590 bushels of oats were harvested. 
     Mr. Walton Fox manufactured in the year 1877 from eight factories (two of which are in Ellicottville, three in Mansfield, two in Great Valley, and one in East Otto). 12,201 cheeses, weighing 644,486 pounds, and realizing $70,513.66. Factory No. 2 is near the village where Mr. Fox resides, and has in connection with it 300 cows: 1500 cheeses were manufactured in 1877. Factory No. 3 is situated about three miles east of the village, and uses the milk of about 400 cows: 200 cheeses, averaging 55 pounds each, were made in 1877. Joseph Utrich, of Beaver Meadows, owns a factory that has in connection 300 cows. 
    Messrs. Noff & Gamp own a factory near Plato, using the milk of 300 cows. 
     On the 22d day of August, 1867, an Agricultural society was formed, as the “Union Fair Grounds of Ellicottville.”  The members of the association were A. G. Rice, A. A. Walker, H. S. Springer, Timothy B. Walsh, D. E. Blair, Daniel Darling, A. D. Scott, Geo. W. Seneare, John McMahon, C. S. Arnold, C. P. Vedder, D. E. Bartlett, Geo. H. Barre. Addison G. Rice was elected first president, Allen D. Scott secretary, and A. A. Walker, treasurer. Twenty-six acres of ground were purchased and fitted up for the purpose, and fairs were held for several years, the last being held in July, 1872. Soon after that time, Daniel E. Bartlett purchased the stock of the other members of the association, and the grounds are now in his possession and used for farm purposes. The town contains a population of 1902 by the census of 1875. 
     The agricultural statistics of 1835, with the manufacturing establishments, number of live-stock, school districts, teachers’ wages, public maney received, etc.: 
Number of acres………………………        30,534 
     “             “     improved……………       2,819 
Assessed valuation of real estate……..   $77,745 
     “             “        personal estate……   $  1,075 
Number of cattle………………………      1,021 
 “          horses…………………….          194 
  “          sheep………………………         932 
 “          swine……………………..    890 
 “ yards of fulled cloth……..    661 
 “             “        woolen  “   unfulled         1,229 
 “   “        linen………………      1,562 
County tax…………………………….  $472.38 
Town    “ ……………………………..   $552.55 
Number of saw-mills………………….             3 
 “          asheries……………………             1 

Number of tanneries………………...         3 
 “          school districts…………..               5 
Amount of public money expended… $     92 
Teachers’ wages and public money… $    l78 
Number of scholars………………….      305 

 Comparative statements are given below of the agricultural statistics of the town for 1855 and 1875, taken from the census of those years; 

1855. 

Number of acres improved…………..         9,384 
 “            “     unimproved………..       17,722 
 “            “     meadow land……….        2,362 
 “           tons of hay cut…………..        1,569 
 “           acres of oats sowed……...        1,066 
 “           bushels   “    harvested….. 25,092 
 “           acres of corn planted…….      251 
 “           bushels   “     harvested….   8,582 
 “           acres of potatoes planted.      176 
 “     bushels       “       harvested     14,485 
 “     “      apples gathered…   2,518 
 “ pounds of maple-sugar 
                   manufactured……………        6,830 
 “          pounds of honey collected        2,183 
  cows…………………….           591 
 “ pounds of butter manu- 
  factured………………… 44,845 
 “ pounds of cheese  manu- 
     factured………………… 22,195 
 “ horses…………………..      251 
 “ sheep……………………  2.040 
 “ pounds of wool clipped…  4,529 

1875. 

Number of acres……………………. 24,407 
 “ “     improved………….. 15,004 “ “     meadow land………   4,298 “ tons of hay cut…………   4,622 “ acres of corn planted…..     115 “ bushels    “    harvested..   3,703 
 “ acres of oats sowed……   1,355 
 “ bushels    “    harvested.. 37,590 “ acres of potatoes planted.      191 “ bushels     “         harvested  26,418 “ apple trees……………..   8,813 “ bushels of apples gathered..    7,103 
 “ pounds of maple-sugar 
  manufactured…………….. 11,960 “ honey collected…………..      325 “ cows………………………    2,058 “    “    whose milk is sent to 
  factory…………………….    1,250 “ pounds of butter made 
   in families…………………  89,105 “ pounds of cheese made in 
  families……………………    8,800 “ sheep shorn……………….       633 “ pounds of wool clipped…..    2,523 “ “             pork raised……..76,285 
                             —————— 
 
 
 

 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
    ————— 
   EDWIN D. NORTHRUP. 

 This gentleman’s grandfather, John Northrup, was a native of New London, Conn., and served in the war of 1812; he removed subsequently to the town of Morris, Otsego Co., N. Y., where his son, Nelson W. (father of Edwin), was born in the year 1816. Nelson died March 3, 1868, in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., at the age of fifty-three years. 
 The mother of Nelson W. Northrup, whose maiden name was Mary Daniels, was a daughter of Nehemiah Daniels, of New London, Conn., who was present at the burning of that place by the British, being eighteen years old at the time; and who was one of the few survivors of the memorable massacre of Fort Griswold. He drew a pension from the Government for that service until the year 1849, the date of his death, which occurred at Morris, N. Y. He was of Irish descent, his father and mother being natives of the “Emerald Isle,” the former being a veteran sailor in the English navy, who during the war with Spain was captured by the Spaniards, and confined in the Moro Castle on the Island of Cuba, from which he made a daring escape;  subsequently he left the British service and joined the American navy, with which he served through the war of the Revolution. 
 Lorana Fitch, wife of Nelson W. Northrup, and the mother of our subject, was the daughter of Converse Fitch, son of Jeremiah Fitch and Abigail Converse. Jeremiah Fitch was a first cousin of John Fitch, the celebrated steamboat inventor, who trace their lineage back to Joseph Fitch, a native of Braintree, county of Essex, England, and who was one of the earliest settlers of Windsor, Conn. Joseph Fitch’s father married Anna Pew, Aug. 6, 1611, in Bocking, Essex, England. 
 Edwin D. Northrup was born in Tolland, Conn., the 27th day of April, 1839. He received a good common-school education, and graduated at the Connecticut Literary Institution in the year 1862. The following year he removed to Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., and located in Ellicottville, which has since been the place of his abode. Mr. Northrup taught the union school of Ellicottville one winter, and in the following spring (May 18, 1864) entered Johnson’s land-office in the same place, of which he has had charge ever since.  Following the requisite preliminary study, he was admitted to the bar Nov. 15, 1865, at Buffalo, N. Y., and as an attorney in the United States Supreme Court, Oct. 14, 1876. He was elected supervisor of the town of Ellicottville in 1876, which office he still (1879) holds. Oct. 12, 1870, he married Miss Lucy S. Skinner, of Ellicottville. The maiden name of his grandmother, Fitch, was Aruma Grant, a native of Tolland, Conn. 

CHAUNCEY J. FOX. 

 Among those who have borne a conspicuous part in the affairs of this county since its organization, may be named Chauncey J. Fox, one of the very few survivors of that honorable and brave-hearted band of pioneers who opened up the wilderness of Cattaraugus County. 
 Chauncey J. Fox was born in Tolland, Conn., Aug. 21, 1797. A meagre training in the common schools was the only advantage he enjoyed for acquiring an education. On attaining his majority (in 1818) he went to Olean, with a younger brother.* 
 They hired out to a settler named Tome, and Chauncey subsequently came to Great Valley, where for several years, in the employ of Benjamin 
Chamberlain and Francis Green, he engaged in lumbering. While in their employ he took up lot 18, containing three hundred and seventy-two acres, —–clearing a portion of it. 
 Finding that manual labor was too severe upon his constitution, he turned his attention to the law and commenced reading in the office of John A. Bryan, Esq., in Ellicottville, and in January, 1826, was admitted to practice in the Court of Common Pleas of the county, and in the Supreme Court in 1833. 
 In 1832 and 1833 he represented his county in the Assembly, and in the fall of 1834 he was elected a member of the Senate, in the Eighth District, in place of John Birdsall, resigned, and was returned for the full term in 1835. He was instrumental, while in the Assembly and Senate, in securing the passage of the law taxing the debts of non-residents, and the act taxing lands of non-residents, for the support of roads and bridges; also the bill to construct the Genesee Valley Canal. As chairman of the Railroad Committee he rendered valuable assistance in procuring State aid to the New York and Erie Railroad. All of which were popular measures in the county. 
 On the 18th day of February, 1827, he married Hannah, daughter of Grove Hurlbut, and commenced housekeeping in the building occupied by J. Pettit’s store on Washington Street (the front part of which was used by Mr. Fox as his office). They _________________________________________* Of their attempted voyage down the river, its subsequent abandonment, etc., see an account among the pioneer reminiscences in the history of the town of Ellicottville. 

Still reside in Ellicottville, and have seen it rise from a primitive state to its present highly prosperous condition. 
 Their children have been five in number,—–Caroline M., who married George Blackman, the present postmaster; Mary F., married Jackson Adams; Harriet M., married Arthur H. Howe, the present county clerk; Chauncey J., Jr., married Caroline Arnold; Charles J., who died in 1833. 
 As a lawyer he held high rank, especially as an advocate. Although not an embellished orator, his manner of speaking was impressive, and his native eloquence always carried conviction in the minds of his auditors. As a legislator he maintained a high position among the leading statesmen of the State, who were his associates. As a citizen he is universally respected, possessing a strong hold upon the affections of the people. He filled many political and official stations, always discharging the duties of the same with scrupulous honesty and faithfulness. Colonel Fox having acquired a handsome competency, is spending his declining years, and enjoying a life of retirement, in the village of Ellicottville. 

DELOS E. SILL 

Was born in Cooperstown, Otsego Co., N.Y. His parents removed to Buffalo when he was about twenty years of age, but prior to that time he went to Geauga Co., O., where his brother was editor and publisher of the Geauga Gazette. With him he learned the trade that became the leading business of his life. He afterwards removed to Buffalo, lived with his parents, and entered the printing office of David M. Day, at that time editing the Buffalo Journal. While there he became acquainted with several young men who afterwards became distinguished in political life, among whom we may mention ex-President Fillmore and Hon. A. M. Clapp, who were always his intimate friends. While he was living in Buffalo his father died, and a short time afterward, upon his mother’s removal to Springville, he entered the Springville Academy and remained a year. Then he removed to Ellicottville and established the Ellicottville Republican, in April, 1833. While here he married Miss Harriet Beecher, daughter of Moses Beecher. In 1835 he sold the paper to Robert H. Shankland, and removed to West Aurora, where he started the Aurora Democrat, in October of that year. The paper not receiving much patronage, was discontinued in February, and in June, following, he removed to Olean to take charge of the publication of the Olean Advocate, then edited by the afterwards celebrated Dr. Rufus W. Griswold, continuing the various changes until it passed into the hands of A. M. Badger. 
 During the memorable campaign of 1840 he started the Cattaraugus Whig, at Ellicottville. This paper was recognized as the organ of the Whig party in Cattaraugus County, and changed in name to that of Cattaraugus Freeman, about 1854, remained for about twenty-nine years under Mr. Sill’s management until the attack of an incurable disease compelled him to retire from active pursuit. From this time health was a stranger to him, but he lingered for nearly five years longer, and died Feb. 13, 1870, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. 
 He was a man of much more than ordinary ability. For a quarter of a century he was a leader of the Whig and Republican parties of the county, and was widely and favorably known in the political world. He twice received the nomination of his party as presidential elector, and in 1848 was appointed messenger of the Electoral College of New York. In 1861 he received the appointment of Indian agent for the tribes of this State, and held this position until ill health compelled his resignation. 
 He was industrious, energetic, and persevering, and these qualities gained for him their usual reward,—pecuniary success. His acquaintances awarded to him the character of a kind and sympathizing neighbor, a liberal, enlightened, and public-spirited citizen, and an upright and honest man. 

STALEY NICHOLS CLARKE 
 

The real value to society of an individual member consists not so much in his exhibition of those shining powers of intellect which compel our admiration, as in the daily manifestations of those more attractive qualities of heart which win our confidence and love. Great abilities assuredly have their uses, and when their destiny is properly unfolded, the world is a gainer by their existence, and a loser by their decay. But the virtues of charity, largeness of soul, and an ever-actuating sympathy for and with one's kind, are essential elements in every pleasure. The great die and are buried. The good are buried but never die, for their souls are so inwrought into the lives of those around them, that the aggregate existence of the community is, to some extent, a continuous and permanent embodiment of their character. Their names may not live upon the lips of men, but the actual effects of their influence and example descend from generation to generation, a precious and perpetual inheritance of strenuous, but unobtrusive virtue. 

The man, therefore, who unites goodness of heart with intellectual ability, has a claim upon our esteem while living, and upon our affectionate remembrance when dead, which, for the honor of our race, we should never disregard. It is a worthy, and should be a pleasurable task, for each to contribute his share, however slight, towards a proper recognition of the value of such a character. It is with a feeling akin to this, that the present sketch of one more thoroughly identified than any other with the history and prosperity of our county, is undertaken. 
Staley Nichols Clarke was born in Prince George's County, in the State of Maryland, on the 29th day of May, 1794. At the age of twenty-one he emigrated to Western New York, and began his career in life as a clerk in the Bank of Niagara, at Buffalo. In 1819, Mr. Clarke removed to Batavia, where he was employed as a clerk in the office of the Holland Land Company until January, 1822, when he took charge of the office of the company at Ellicottville, as their agent. 
The county of Cattaraugus was then a comparative wilderness, whose aboriginal beauty of hill and valley, of heavy forest and unobstructed water-courses, had suffered but little waste from the hands of men. Olean, from its situation on the Allegany River, was even then a place of considerable consequence. The surface of the county was dotted here and there with an occasional clearing, but in general nature reigned in undisputed sway. Even Ellicottville was closely environed by forests; it was a mere island in an ocean of verdure. 

The settlers were necessarily poor. Like all who immigrate to unsettled territory, they came, to a great extent, destitute, either driven by necessity or impelled by enterprise. With no capital, but stout hearts and hands willing  to toil, it was no light task to grapple at once with the exigencies of debt and the stern hardships of backwoods life. Separated by an almost impassable distance from home and birthplace, in the heart of a wilderness, invulnerable to aught but endless toil; cut off from all but occasional communication with the friends they had left behind, and provided with but scanty means to meet an acc